MEMORY STRATEGIES & CONCENTRATION CHART & STRATERGIES 



On 1/8/2018 PN Rohana bt Johan give us an assignment about the memory learning & improving concentration at Dewan Al-Biruni 1 from 8:00 a.m untill 12:00 p.m . Madam Rohana teach us about a skill to learn with used learning pyramid and function memory in brain plus how our brain work .

                  my evidence 

LEARNING PYRAMID

                                        - Lecture

The Learning Pyramid suggests that "Lecture" is one of the most ineffective methods for learning and retaining information. Lecture is a passive form of learning where you simply sit back and listen to information being spoon fed to you by your teacher or professor. Attempting to acquire information and gain understanding only through lectures is not the most effective way of learning. However, auditory learners tend to find lectures more stimulating and educational than students who have non-auditory learning styles. Lectures are most effective when students arrive to class prepared, actively participate in class discussion, and take good notes.

                                         - Reading

While more effective than Lecture, Reading is still one of the less effective methods for acquiring and retaining information, according to the Learning Pyramid. However, if you are a visual learner, reading textbooks will likely be a more effective learning method for you than for students with non-visual learning styles. Notwithstanding, reading textbooks is a necessary (and required) method of study in most academic settings. There are several strategies for reading  textbooks that can greatly improve your ability to retain and recall what you read in your textbook.

                                       - Audio-visual

The Learning Pyramid suggests that Audio-visual learning methods only lead to a 20% retention of information learned. The audio-visual learning method may incorporate various audio-visual learning/teaching tools including videos, sound, pictures, and graphs. However, as media and computer technology continues to evolve, new forms of audio-visual instruction are leading to more effective learning and retention of material. The effectiveness of audio-visual learning and study methods are enhanced when combined with other, more active forms of study.

- Demonstration

Demonstration usually involves the teacher or professor providing students a learning task that they can observe. Within the structure of the Learning Pyramid, Demonstration is the first of the seven study methods that involves active learning. Demonstration tends to offer students less ambiguity than passive study methods and leads to fewer misconceptions and greater understanding. Demonstration can be an effective study method, especially when information is ambiguous or confusing.

  -Discussion

Discussion, or "Group Discussion", is a form of Cooperative Learning. It is also an active study method that can lead to greater retention of information and material studied, and higher academic achievement. Unlike competitive and individualistic approaches to learning and studying, Discussion is a cooperative learning method that relys on students interacting and studying material with other students and instructors. Discussion Groups are intended to stimulate student thinking, and increase participation and engagement. Discussion can occur within a classroom setting or by forming a study group.

-Practice (by) doing

Practice by doing, a form of "Discover Learning", is one of the most effective methods of learning and study. This method of study encourages students to take what they learn and put it into practice – whereby promoting deeper understanding and moving information from short-term to long-term memory. Practice by doing makes material more personal, and thus more meaningful to students. Practice by doing also leads to more in-depth understanding of material, greater retention and better recall.

   -Teach others

The key to subject mastery is teaching it to others. If you're able to accurately and correctly teach a subject to others, you'll have a very good mastery of the concepts, and superior retention and recall. According to the Learning Pyramid model, students are able to retain abou 90% of what they're able to teach to others. The most common form of teaching others is Peer Tutoring. However, the best place to teach others is in a study group. One of the main activities that should occur in an effective study group is peer to peer teaching, where each group member takes the opportunity to teach the other group members the course material being studied.

- Conclusions

The effectiveness of any learning method, as presented in the Learning Pyramid, will also be influenced by your own unique learning style. Some students retain and recall information best through visual (spacial) learning, while others are aural (auditory) learners. To maximize the effectiveness of your studying discover your learning style. Also, remember that the key here is to vary your method of learning. Don't assume just because the Learning Pyramid suggests that Lectures are the least effective study method for retaining information, that lectures aren't important. Lectures are still very important. Each of the learning methods presented in the Learning Pyramid are important. Even if it's difficult for you to remember everything that is taught during lectures, the notes you take during lecture may be vital to your ability to participate in a discussion of the material later on in your group, or teach the material to others. Vary your study method and focus on the methods and learning styles the yield the best results for you

MEANING OF ....

1.BRAIN - is an organ . ( computer hardware )

2.MEMORY - is an individual ability to store , remember & retain information & experience .                         ( computer software ) 

the diagram above shows the distribution of brain expertise 

THE HUMAN MEMORY SYSTEM IS DIVIDED BY 3 TYPES :

          

           1. Sensory Memory 

           2. Short-term Memory

           3. Long-term Memory

UNDERSTANDING MEMORY PROCESS

► Doing well on exams requires an effective study plan, active study strategies and a good                 memory.

►'Having a Good Memory' - involves both putting information into memory and getting it back out - both storage and retrieval.

►Why do we forget? How do we learn? Many students really don't understand how memory works.

►Learning about how we store and retrieve information will help us understand why some study strategies work and others don't.

►This theory is called Information Processing Model.

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

Sensory memory is the shortest-term element of memory. It is the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimuli have ended. It acts as a kind of buffer for stimuli received through the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, which are retained accurately, but very briefly. For example, the ability to look at something and remember what it looked like with just a second of observation is an example of sensory memory.

Short-term memory acts as a kind of “scratch-pad” for temporary recall of the information which is being processed at any point in time, and has been refered to as “the brain’s Post-it note”. It can be thought of as the ability to remember and process information at the same time. It holds a small amount of information (typically around 7 items or even less) in mind in an active, readily-available state for a short period of time (typically from 10 to 15 seconds, or sometimes up to a minute).

Long-term memory is, obviously enough, intended for storage of information over a long period of time. Despite our everyday impressions of forgetting, it seems likely that long-term memory actually decays very little over time, and can store a seemingly unlimited amount of information almost indefinitely. Indeed, there is some debate as to whether we actually ever “forget” anything at all, or whether it just becomes increasingly difficult to access or retrieve certain items from memory.

      SQ3R

EASY TO REMEMBER WHEN WE :

• INTEREST
• OPTION
• REPEAT
• REVISION